This is the third article in a series on bullying, provided by the Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation.

THE EVOLUTION OF BULLYING:

FROM SCHOOLYARD TO CYBERSPACE

By: David Kraybill, Executive Director, Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation

Would you be surprised to know that according to current statistics released by the U.S. Department of Justice 77% of students admit to being bullied mentally, verbally or physically according to a recent national survey? That translates to one in four kids being bullied. Eight percent of students miss one day of class per month from fear of bullies. One out of five kids admits to being a bully or doing some bullying. You may not only be surprised, but downright alarmed.  Unfortunately, bullying is a widespread and serious problem. It’s not a phase children have to go through, it’s not just “kids being kids,” and it’s not something children will grow out of. Bullying is a serious situation that can cause lasting harm to both the victim and the bully.

Granted, bullying has been around forever. So why is it only now getting the attention it deserves? Is it because there is now global awareness that children are committing suicide from being bullied? Is it because there are now other, sneakier ways to bully than the schoolyard, such as cyberbullying? Is it because it’s now affecting a larger number of kids than ever before? Yes, yes and yes.

Definition of Bullying
Bullying is aggressive behavior that is intentional and involves an imbalance of power or strength. It involves repeated acts; physical, emotional and/or inappropriate social behavior; it is intentional, controlling and hurtful; and it is a learned behavior, sometimes as early as age two. Bully power comes from physical size and strength, verbal skills, popularity and gender.

Physical or verbal bullying includes hitting, kicking, pushing, tripping, name-calling, cruel teasing, threatening and/or intimidating words, sexual harassment, ethnic slurs, spreading rumors, group exclusion, stares and glares, unreasonable territorial bans, and destruction of property. Cyberbullying includes the creation of insulting or threatening websites; ISP warning wars; harassing instant messages, emails or text messages; chat room gossip; rating sites/internet polling; suicide sites; conspiring and excluding online; impersonation, password stealing, and harassment during online games.

Statistics indicate bullying is more prevalent in middle school (grades 6-8) than in senior high school. Emotional or verbal bullying is the most common form of bullying with pushing, shoving, tripping and spitting on someone being the second most common form. Cyberbullying, however, is more prevalent in the last three years of high school than in grades six through nine.

Portrait of a Bully
Of course, there is no typical bully, but there are various behaviors that bullies or potential bullies may exhibit. These include:
• Demonstrating aggressive behavior with others including parents and teachers
• Frequently hitting or pushing other children
• Seeking to dominate and or manipulate
• Enjoying feeling powerful and in control (whether real or not)
• Being physically strong and socially dominant

• Appearing to derive satisfaction from other’s fears, discomfort or pain, and lacking empathy  for others

• Being emotionally immature, irresponsible and not accepting responsibility for their actions

    • Hiding bad behaviors or doing them where adults cannot notice
• Displaying uncontrolled anger and an intolerance and prejudice toward others

Bullies often have assistants or watchers that help them carry out the bully behavior. Multiple studies have shown that peers are present in more than 85 percent of bullying incidents. Many times the watchers want to be accepted by the bully and his or her group or fear that the bully will turn on them if they intervene. Watchers also develop a logic that the victim deserved it, and they don’t really see the victim as a person. Unfortunately, watchers do not consider the consequences of their actions or those of the bully. Some researchers actually believe that the watchers and witnesses to the bullying are the key to eliminating bullying behavior because this group is the sizable majority in any school.

Portrait of a Victim
Unfortunately, no child is immune to being bullied, but there are certain types of kids who may be more susceptible to being a victim—including popular children. Bullies tend to pick on kids who:
• Are anxious, insecure or cautious
• Suffer from low self-esteem
• Are the most popular
• Are isolated or quiet
• Rarely defend themselves or retaliate when confronted
• Lack social skills and friends
• Tend to be close to their parents or may have overprotective parents
• Are minorities, physically disabled or have a visible defect

The effects of bullying, whether a child is the victim or the aggressor, can last a lifetime. Behaviors, attitudes and hurts can manifest over time if left unaddressed, and become ways that children use to define themselves as they grow into adulthood. Long-term effects can include delinquent or criminal behavior such as incarceration or gang activities, as well as decreased self-esteem, long-term depression, becoming an adult bully at home or in the workplace, or becoming a child- and/or spouse-abuser.

If your child is a victim of bullying or is a bully, the first place to start is to recognize and acknowledge what is happening, and then find resources that can help you work together as a family to resolve the situation. One such resource is The Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation’s Mission Healthy Living website. You can view webisodes that address various topics on bullying and feature expert local guests at http://www.missionhealthyliving.org.
About the Foundation  The Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation’s mission is to enhance the health and wellness of area residents, providing education, funding and programs that motivate people to adopt healthy lifestyles. Visit www.pottstownfoundation.org for more information about the Foundation. Discover Pottstown area’s new online community at www.missionhealthyliving.org to learn and share great information on how to lead a healthier life!

This is the second article in a series on bullying, provided by the Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation.

WHAT CAN PARENTS DO WHEN THEIR CHILD IS BEING BULLIED?

Plus, Tips To Help Kids Heal And Move On

By: David Kraybill, Executive Director, Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation

It’s a helpless feeling when you know your child is hurting and you’re not sure how to fix the problem or even where to begin. What would you do if you discover your child is being bullied? Your initial inclination might be to stop the bullying, but that may actually do more harm than good.  But, there are things that can be done to begin to alleviate the situation and work toward a resolution.

What You Should Not Do
Once you’ve determined your child is being bullied, you may think it’s a good idea to call and talk to the bully’s parents. This can be detrimental, especially if the child you think is the culprit is not the right child—this can be especially true with cyberbullying. Also, if the parent does take action and punish his or her child, the child may turn around and make even more trouble for your child.

Trying to mediate a bullying situation yourself by bringing together your child and the bully to “work it out” is not a good idea either. It may further traumatize your child and send the wrong message to both parties. Remember, bullying is a form of victimization; it’s not a conflict. Other things that parents should not do include:

• Asking your child to solve the bullying problem. The child will likely suffer further. This is not
something that will go away on its own and requires adult intervention.
• Advising your child to fight back—this may violate a school conduct code and your child may be
seriously injured. Plus, answering violence with more violence only perpetuates the problem.
• Blaming your child. It’s likely she has done nothing to provoke the bullying. However, have an honest
look at your child’s social skills and behaviors. If your child is hyperactive, impulsive or overly
talkative, the bully may be reacting out of annoyance. This doesn’t make the bullying right, but
it may offer an explanation. If your child easily irritates people, seek help from a counselor so that your
child can better learn the informal social rules of his or her peer group.
• Allowing or encouraging your child to respond to threatening messages or texts—this can backfire on
your child. Don’t respond, and start to save all evidence.

What You Should Do
There are three major steps parents should take when they find out their child is being bullied or cyberbullied.

Step One – Gather Information
Many kids are embarrassed to say they have been bullied—you may have only one chance to step in—so listen carefully and learn as much as you can. It’s important to take the bullying seriously. You also should emphasize with your child that bullying is wrong, not his fault and praise him for telling you about it. As you’re talking, gather all the information on what has been happening—where, when, how, who. Then create a written record and have your child start to keep a journal of all instances. If the bullying is or includes cyberbulling, keep all texts and emails, and print out and SAVE all evidence. Don’t wait until your list gets longer or your child’s journal fills up—it’s important to address the situation as soon as you are aware of it, but continue keeping track of the situation. Be sure to keep the lines of communication open with your child.

Step Two – Contact the School
If the bullying is occurring at school make the school aware of the situation. You should also ask to see the school’s bullying policy. The school should investigate your concerns and inform you of the outcome. Give them a reasonable amount of time to investigate both sides of the story—however, it should not take more than a week. Do not expect that you will be part of any meeting with the children involved or your child. This could be embarrassing and intimidating for your child. If the bullying continues and the school is not doing anything else, you should contact school administrators or the superintendent for help. Don’t give up. Remain persistent and ask that you are kept informed at all times.

If the bullying does not occur at school, it is still a good idea to alert your child’s teacher or principal so they are aware of the situation and can watch for any unacceptable behaviors.

Step Three – Educate Your Child
While the bully situation is being addressed, take time to educate your child about how to act if a bullying episode occurs. First, she should just avoid the bully as best she can. If she must see the bully, your child should put on a poker face and act as though the bully’s behavior does not bother her and walk away as soon as possible. You can also teach your child safety strategies, like seeking help from an adult if she feels threatened. Above all else, make sure your child has a safe and loving home environment where she can take shelter and express her feelings in a non-judgmental way.

After Care
After your child has been the victim of bullying and it has come to an end, there are ways to help your child become more resilient to bullying and maybe prevent further incidents. Suggest and facilitate activities for him to get involved in, like music, sports or art outside the school environment—a fresh start with some new peers can build confidence. Encourage him to make contact with the friendlier students—his or her teacher may be able to suggest such students. You can also role-play how your child should react if someone starts to bully him again. It might seem awkward at first, but it will give your child practice in being assertive and brave, but not aggressive. He needs to feel he can retain power in a bullying situation.

Unfortunately, the effects of bullying can last a lifetime if left unaddressed. Behaviors, attitudes and hurts can manifest over time and become ways that children use to define themselves as they grow into adulthood. Long-term effects can include decreased self-esteem, long-term depression, anxiety, loneliness, withdrawal, suicidal ideation, and actually becoming an adult bully at home or in the workplace, or becoming a child- and/or spouse-abuser.

So remember, the most important thing to remember is do not keep quiet about bullying incidents. Hold the bully accountable for his or her actions, because no child should have to suffer in silence and hope it goes away—it won’t.

About the Foundation  The Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation’s mission is to enhance the health and wellness of area residents, providing education, funding and programs that motivate people to adopt healthy lifestyles. Visit www.pottstownfoundation.org for more information about the Foundation. Discover Pottstown area’s new online community at www.missionhealthyliving.org to learn and share great information on how to lead a healthier life!

This week we’ll be running a series of articles on bullying from the Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation. Bullying, which is usually hidden from adults, can have long-lasting physical and emotional consequences for the victims. Please check out these articles and if you find them helpful, pass them along to parents and other adults in your network. I also invite you to check out the newest online community for living a healthier life at www.missionhealthyliving.org .

WHAT ARE THE WARNING SIGNS THAT YOUR CHILD

MIGHT BE BEING BULLIED?

By: David Kraybill, Executive Director

Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation

You’ve been noticing your child is not quite himself or herself lately. You cannot exactly pinpoint it, but there is something wrong. Is he moody and angry because his hormones are kicking in? Is it just that typical tween or teenager “attitude” rearing its head? Hey, no child is enthusiastic about going to school all of the time, right?

If these questions have crossed your mind, you may be trying to justify your child’s change in behavior. Of course, it very well could be hormones or that he or she would just rather be doing something else besides going to school that day. However, resist the urge to brush this change in behavior under the rug or think it will go away. You know your child best, and if his or her behavior is sudden or out of character, delve deeper.

There are many reasons a child may be acting out of character, but one might be that he is being bullied at school or is being cyber-bullied. And yes, it’s likely he did not tell you what is happening out of embarrassment or fear.

Portrait of a Victim
The rise in bullying is, unfortunately, a reality in our middle and high schools. The National Youth Violence Prevention Network reports that about 30 percent of students (more than 5.7 million young people) are involved in bullying—either as the bully, the one who is bullied, or both. So, it’s very likely that incidences involving bullying will touch your child’s life at some point. So, while no child is immune to being bullied, there are certain types of kids who may be more susceptible to being a victim. Bullies tend to pick on kids who:

• Are anxious, insecure or cautious
• Suffer from low self-esteem
• Are the most popular
• Are isolated or quiet
• Rarely defend themselves or retaliate when confronted
• Lack social skills and friends
• Tend to be close to their parents or may have overprotective parents
• Are minorities, physically disabled or have a visible defect

Warning Signs
There are a number of warning signs parents can look for that indicate their child may be being bullied. While no one warning sign below creates a case that your child is being bullied, these are signs that you should not be ignore and you should investigate further with your child.

Sudden change in attitude toward school – adolescent teens change their attitudes, likes and dislikes with super speed, but if your tween or teen’s attitude changes suddenly and dramatically and she no longer has an interest in going to school or doing her schoolwork, then it warrants further investigation.

Seems afraid of going to school, walking to and from school, riding the bus or participating in organized activities with peers – if a child is being bullied, she is going to make every effort to avoid any situation where she knows it is going to happen or be alone with the bully or with a group that is bullying. Another alert is if she starts to take an illogical or out-of-the-way route home.

Unexplained cuts, bruises or other injuries – kids fall, run into things (and each other), trip and slip, but there is a difference between run-of-the-mill bumps, scrapes and bruises and bully abuse. If your child starts to have frequent unexplained injuries, or has torn or ripped clothing he didn’t have before he left for school, it could be evidence of bullying.

Starts to lose or misplace belongings or money – kids can be absent-minded and not always the most responsible, but if your child is normally responsible and careful about his things and his money and all of a sudden things he cares about “go missing,” it could be because bullies are threatening him and taking his stuff and lunch money.

Significant drop in grades – imagine trying to get through the school day while dodging a gauntlet of threats, intimidating looks, physical harassment, etc. in the hallway at 45 minutes intervals. You are not going to be focused on your classes. The bully may have created a posse and an environment of fear and apprehension—all of which can lead to a less-than-stellar academic performance for the victim.

Persistent requests to stay home because of hard-to-prove illnesses, such as stomachaches or headaches – mental anguish can manifest itself as physical discomfort, and stress can lead to headaches, and fear can result in abdominal pain. When your child claims he is too sick to go to school or a school-related activity, this may be the truth or it may be a symptom of abuse-related anxiety. He could also have created a phantom sickness to avoid seeing the bully or bullies.

Changes in eating habits or sleep patterns – the effects of bullying don’t disappear the moment the abuser is out of sight. If your child is being bullied, the pain and fear won’t dissipate once the dismissal bell rings. In fact, with this age of technology, the end of school may signal just the start of a long night of cyber-bullying. This trauma can affect sleep and eating patterns.

Changes in social patterns, activities and friends – adolescence is a time of change, and tweens and teens can change friends and groups like the wind. But, if your child has suddenly abandoned old friends, withdrawn from once-treasured activities or lost interest in hobbies that once held great significance, it’s time to do a little digging. Again, you’re not only looking for changes, but changes that are sudden and unexplainable by your child.

Mood swings, angry outbursts or other emotional changes – yes, once again, this can be “typical” teenager behavior, but if your normally mild-mannered child suddenly turns into a walking basket case or has uncharacteristic outbursts, this is a sign something is wrong. Since bullying is very traumatic, and people respond to trauma in different ways, this may be misdirected repressed anger.

The effects of bullying can last a lifetime. Behaviors, attitudes and hurts can manifest over time if left unaddressed, and become ways that children use to define themselves as they grow into adulthood. Long-term effects can include decreased self-esteem, long-term depression, anxiety, loneliness, withdrawal, suicidal ideation, and actually becoming an adult bully at home or in the workplace, or becoming a child and/
or spouse-abuser.

If you suspect your child is a victim of bullying, the first place to start is to recognize and acknowledge what is happening, and then talk to your child and ask some subtle questions to probe further and understand the situation. The next step would be to talk to the school and the administration. The most important thing to remember is do not keep quiet about bullying incidents. Many times parents and children are afraid it will worsen if they tell someone, but this is another form of control that the bully forces on the victim. It doesn’t hold the bully accountable for his or her actions—no child should have to
suffer in silence and hope it goes away—it won’t.

About the Foundation

The Pottstown Area Health & Wellness Foundation’s mission is to enhance the health and wellness of area residents, providing education, funding and programs that motivate people to adopt healthy lifestyles. Visit www.pottstownfoundation.org for more information about the Foundation. Discover Pottstown area’s new online community at www.missionhealthyliving.org to learn and share geat information on how to lead a healthier life!